Nearly 2% of American adults are underweight or below a healthy body mass index (BMI below a healthy 18.5) which places them at greater risk for anemia and nutrient deficiencies, bone loss and osteoporosis, heart irregularities and blood vessel disease, amenorrhea (loss of menstruation in women), increased vulnerability to infection and disease, and delayed wound healing ("Underweight", 2004). Overweight (BMI above healthy range of 25-29) and obesity (BMI above 30) has become an epidemic in recent times. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 34.4% of adults 20 years and older were overweight in 2008 and 33.39% of adults 20 years old and over were obese ("Obesity", 2008). What is also astounding is an estimated 17% of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years were obese in 2008 as well ("Data and Statistics", n.d.)! The health implications for being overweight or obese are increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, stroke, breathing problems, certain cancers, and premature death to name a few ("What are", 2010 & Sizer & Whitney, 2011).
How can I prevent myself from being underweight, overweight or obese? A person's diet has a direct connection to their body weight and their health. Diets that are high in added sugars, saturated and/or trans fat, low in fruits, vegetables, and other foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals, and excessive alcohol is more likely to encounter a weight problem and all the health risk factors that come with being overweight or obese (Sizer & Whitney, 2011). Therefore, in order to avoid having a weight issue, it is recommended to balance calories to manage weight by improving eating and physical activity behaviors. In order to do this, it is recommended to eat a diet that includes foods that are rich in nutrients and not in calories and fat. This means including plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and fat-free or low-fat milk products in your diet along with at least 300 minutes per week of physical activity (Sizer & Whitney, 2011)
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References
Data and Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/data.html
Obesity and Overweight. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm
Sizer, F. & Whitney, E. (2011). Nutrition Concepts and Controversies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Underweight- Health risk (n.d.) Received from http://www.dshs.wa.gov
What are Overweight and Obesity. (2010). Retreived from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/obe/
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